INDIA MUSIC LICENSING EXPLAINED

A SONG IS NOT
ONE THING.

Every recorded track played in public in India carries three independent rights, each owned by different people and licensed through different bodies. Below: what's inside the song, where the money goes, and what you actually need for your event.

01 / Anatomy of a track

WHAT'S INSIDE THE SONG.

A single track is legally three things stacked on top of each other. Take Kesariya — three different owners, three different licences.

KESARIYA
BRAHMASTRA·HINDI·2022
L·01
The recording
The master audio Sony Music released. owned by the label
PPLadministers
L·02
The composition
Pritam's melody & Amitabh Bhattacharya's lyrics. owned by the composer + lyricist
IPRSadministers
L·03
The performance
Arijit Singh's vocals & the session musicians. owned by the performers
ISAMRAadministers
02 / Where the money goes
ONE TRACK PLAYS → THREE PAYMENTS LEAVE.
YOU PLAY A TRACK AT YOUR EVENT
For the recording, pay
PPLNovexRMPL

Money reaches the label that owns the master — Sony, T-Series, YRF, etc.

For the composition, pay
IPRS

Money reaches the composer & lyricist who wrote the song — Pritam, Vishal-Shekhar, etc.

For the performance, pay
ISAMRA

Money reaches the singers & session musicians who actually performed on the track.

03 / The three bodies, in depth

WHO HANDLES WHAT.

Layer 01 · Recording

Sound Recording

The one everyone knows about

The recorded master a label released. Different labels belong to different societies — and one licence does not cover the others.

PPLNovexRMPL
Layer 02 · Composition

Composition & Lyrics

The one people miss

The melody and words — the work of the composer and lyricist, separate from whoever recorded it. IPRS administers this for almost every Indian song.

Key exceptionWeddings are exempt under Section 52(1)(zb) of the Copyright Act, 1957. All other events still require IPRS.
IPRS
Layer 03 · Performance

Performer Rights

The one almost nobody knows about

The rights of the singers and musicians who performed on the recording. Often forgotten, but it stands separately from the label and the composer.

No exemptions — required for every event, including weddings.
ISAMRA
04 / Your event

WHAT DO I ACTUALLY NEED?

The wedding card is the one most people get wrong. IPRS is exempt for weddings — but only for weddings, and only for IPRS.

WEDDING
RecordingREQUIRED
IPRSEXEMPT
ISAMRAREQUIRED
Section 52(1)(zb)
CORPORATE
RecordingREQUIRED
IPRSREQUIRED
ISAMRAREQUIRED
All three apply
CLUB NIGHT
RecordingREQUIRED
IPRSREQUIRED
ISAMRAREQUIRED
All three apply
FESTIVAL
RecordingREQUIRED
IPRSREQUIRED
ISAMRAREQUIRED
All three apply
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