A SONG IS NOT
ONE THING.
Every recorded track played in public in India carries three independent rights, each owned by different people and licensed through different bodies. Below: what's inside the song, where the money goes, and what you actually need for your event.
WHAT'S INSIDE THE SONG.
A single track is legally three things stacked on top of each other. Take Kesariya — three different owners, three different licences.
Money reaches the label that owns the master — Sony, T-Series, YRF, etc.
Money reaches the composer & lyricist who wrote the song — Pritam, Vishal-Shekhar, etc.
Money reaches the singers & session musicians who actually performed on the track.
WHO HANDLES WHAT.
Sound Recording
The recorded master a label released. Different labels belong to different societies — and one licence does not cover the others.
Composition & Lyrics
The melody and words — the work of the composer and lyricist, separate from whoever recorded it. IPRS administers this for almost every Indian song.
Performer Rights
The rights of the singers and musicians who performed on the recording. Often forgotten, but it stands separately from the label and the composer.
WHAT DO I ACTUALLY NEED?
The wedding card is the one most people get wrong. IPRS is exempt for weddings — but only for weddings, and only for IPRS.